Allegheny River Watershed https://coord.info/GC1EHBW /
Detective Bradford Area Shales https://coord.info/GC635VR /
http://www.ibstock.com/pdfs/technical-support/TIS16Howbricksaremade.pdf
Color
Gray shale is thinner. You can see the talus beginning halfway up the cliff.
Red shale is located much further from the road.
HALL OF FAME – POST OFFICE or St. Bernard’s Church … PaRacers
Detective Beaver Meadow https://coord.info/GC8FH27 /
PERMISSION
Caching allowed in ANF
ANSWERS
Left – conglomerate pebbles – three colors with black top, gray middle, tan bottom
Middle – sandstone gritty – long horizontal groove along the back
Right – sandstone gritty – peppered black spots
DISCOVERY – The rock is limestone. Appears the tree roots have broken this rock apart into several smaller rocks.
LOG DELETED … https://coord.info/GL11WXWJ1
Here we go again! … Cache does not need to be archived. If reviewer cannot access the one message I sent, let me know and I will send it with the four subsequent messages cacher sent.
What harrassment? If you look at the cache page, log is still incomplete but was not deleted.
“Another cache that CO was giving me harassment” … Would you like me to post what harassment really looks like? I have a multiple page document with your emails/messages/posts detailing numerous examples of cyber-bullying and false accusations since 2012.
Detective Bradford Area Shales https://coord.info/GC635VR /
Detective Elijah Run https://coord.info/GC8FG5A /
PERMISSION
Caching allowed on trail
ANSWERS
Right 3 conglomerate rocks / Left 3 conglomerate rocks / RIGHT – rocks have larger pebbles and are darker in color. The rocks look layered with mosses and lichens covering over 50% of their surface. / LEFT – rocks have finer pebbles and are lighter in color. The rocks have a rounded undulated surface. There are no plants growing on their surface. / Left rocks are closer to the water.
OPTIONAL
HEART’S CONTENT … SAME … conglomerate plaques moss
DIFFERENT … Right more sun and 40% moss – Left shade and 90% moss
This is a wooded area compared with the aquatic area of Elijah Run. Rocks of both areas are conglomerate.
Detective Gardners Rocks https://coord.info/GC5D0C6 /
1. 318-299 mya …. early to middle Pennsylvanian Period
2. Flat-pebbleThe land is owned by Collins Pine. Their company policy is that their land is always open to public recreation such as hunting or geocaching. Foot travel is always welcome. If you need a name for permission, Dave Trimpey or Ned Karger both work for Collins Pine Company.
Detective McKean County https://coord.info/GC8FFEY /
PERMISSION
Caching allowed on trails
ANSWERS
1. HEFFNER – Conglomerate / has tiny pebbles interspersed with lichen
2. MARILLA – Sandstone / feels gritty / red and has ferns growing on it
3. TRACY – Conglomerate / has large protruding pebbles
4. MORRISON – Sandstone / feels gritty / gray and has moss growing on it
5. Limestone is native but not as common. Shale is mostly seen on banks, not along trails.
Detective Stratigraphic Layers https://coord.info/GC78X1E /
ALLEGHENY NATIONAL FOREST
Rich Hatfield – District Ranger – Forest Service – Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger District
p: 814-363-6098 – rhatfield@fs.fed.us – 29 Forest Service Drive – Bradford, PA 16701 … permission granted to waive “We ask that all caches be removed after one year regardless of site activity and moved to a new location or removed from the National Forest.”
POLICY … https://www.fs.usda.gov/activity/allegheny/recreation/otheractivities/?recid=6083&actid=103 … “Geo-caching is a permissible dispersed recreation activity on most areas of the Allegheny National Forest.”
STATE PARKS AND GAMELANDS
http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/recreation/geocaching/index.htm
https://www.fs.usda.gov/activity/allegheny/recreation/otheractivities/?recid=6083&actid=103
Cornplanter District Office … 323 N. State Street … North Warren, PA 16365 … (814) 723-0262
fd14@pa.gov … Terry Wills – Admin Supervisor NW Regional Office – PA State Gamelands
814-432-3187 … Permit needed for group of 10+
ANSWERS … pages 116-119
1. Downward fold. You are only viewing a small section, so the syncline is not apparent.
2. gray shale 6′ / tan shale 1′ / red shale 3′ / large sandstone boulders 6′ / small sandstone boulders 1′ / gray shale 6′ / shale colluvium (talus) 20′
3, three anticlines
4. thrust fault / syncline
5. gorge
Elk County Boulderdash https://coord.info/GC91JMW /
Liskey – Pennsylvania Game Commission, 2001 Elmerton Avenue; Harrisburg PA 17110-9797, 717-787-4250 , pgcrtk@pa.gov.
PERMISSION
Elk County Game Commission – David Mitchell … 570-398-4744
ANSWERS
1. 10′ wide 12′ deep / cave because opening is deeper than wide
2. Answers vary, but may include cracks that will lead to rock separating from the walls.
3. There are several smaller openings (cavities and crevices) probably due to tree roots providing places for freeze-thaw to create them.
4. There are several different sized rocks probably due to weathering breaking the rocks apart and mass movement separating them.
Exploring the Tuna https://coord.info/GCA4YXP /
PERMISSION
None needed as all locations are roadside/trailside.
READING
Tunungwant / Allegheny River Watershed / Dec 1st 2010 / Answers vary – Gage height was 0.95′ on 4/14/23 so answer is 3.05′
LIBRARY
Banks have a retaining wall to prevent the Tuna from overflowing its banks and flooding Bradford.
PITT TRAIL
Bed is rounded shale pieces due to fast flowing water with many obstacles (rocks, downed trees, etc.). A waterfall, riprap, and rapids are seen at three of the waypoints (see pics).
CROOK FARM TRAIL
Bed is flat shale pieces, some angular and some rounded.
SUMMARY
Retaining wall only visible at Library location. PITT Trail site has more rounded shale pieces indicating a greater effect on the bed and banks. Crook Farm Trail has grassy banks.
P1 waterfall / P2 rapids / P3 sign / P4 bridge / P5 end rapids
3. MESSAGE …. The retaining wall was built to prevent the Tuna from overflowing its banks and flooding Bradford. Is Bradford using any of the other measures detailed in Prevent Flooding? Explain with examples.
Fossil Mystery https://coord.info/GC8T7N9 /
ANSWERS
1. This is the on-site verification, a fun activity, and a fossil gift.
2. 3. 4. 5. Answers vary … There are both molds and casts of a variety of brachiopods, pelecypods, crinoids, horn corals, etc.
6. Pelecypod / 1/2″
7. Brachiopod mold and cast / Rock #6 and Rock #8
8. Trilobite in center of rock / cast / Cambrian
9. On the side / cast
10. Shark teeth / 1/2″ / these are smaller than modern day sharks
11. Petrified moss / There is no matrix. The entire rock is the fossil.
12. This is not a craft project because it is a natural rock. Appears to be a fossil imprint rather than a product of weathering. Answers vary. My answer would be creative since I really don’t know how it was formed.
REQUIREMENTS
06/10/17 Yes. You can require that everyone send their own answers. GeoAwareUSA8
Fossils at Marienville Ranger Station https://coord.info/GC8M1HB /
PERMISSION
Fossil outside Visitor Center
ANSWER
LARGE Looks like # / Lepidodendron mold trunk 3’x1.5′ / hard
SMALL Looks like stripes / cast Sigillaria bark 1’x8″ / hard
BRADFORD RANGER STATION … 814-363-6000 … Rich Hatfield and Judi
MARIENVILLE RANGER STATION … 814-927-6628 … rob.fallon@usda.gov 814-927-5700
Interesting to note that Needs Archived on this and other earthcaches keep popping up only after cache was logged. This observation came from another cacher. Would sure like to see consequences for those cachers who are quick to post Needs Archived, resulting in wasted reviewer time and undue harassment of CO. “It is sad that the few ruin it for the many.” This observation came from yet another cacher.
Jason Haberberger – Law Enforcement – U.S. Forest Service … 414-305-7856
Kinzua Dam https://coord.info/GC2ANWM /
Kinzua Valley https://coord.info/GC1EA2H /
Kinzua Creek Basin … Kinzua Creek near Guffey, PA ……. Linda Zarr
Traillink … trails4me
1. Appalachian Plateaus with deep valleys and hilly topography … CREEK 1,590 feet / BRIDGE 2240′ / DAM 1185′
2. Length 2051′ Height 302′
3. July 21, 2003 and January 12, 2017 – Kinzua Creek … Large boulders displaced and areas of erosion along the bank.
Oddity Fossil Hunt https://coord.info/GC8FNH2 /
PERMISSION
No permission needed. Bank located in Walmart public parking lot.
Just in case, permission given by Pamela – Walmart Manager @ Bradford PA … 814-368-4600
ANSWERS
1. Answers vary. There are a multitude of fossils at ground level. Most are brachipod and trilobite molds. Our picture is the crinoids found at this site.
2. This can be viewed from two perspectives. Even though it is a hard matrix, both hard and soft would both be acceptable. To extract an individual fossil, a tool is needed. However, fossils can be found by just picking up a piece of shale, so no tool is needed.
3. Gray shale slabs within a grassy bank. Thickness ranges from paper thin to 1/4″. Exposed bank extends about 40′.
GUIDELINES … https://www.geosociety.org/GSA/fieldexp/EarthCache/guidelines/home.aspx
Oddity Refreshment https://coord.info/GC59M3C /
Artesian – Standpipe is 4.5′ where water did flow over before pipe was damaged. Also erupting from a flat area rather than a hillside.
Diameter 8″ … 6th Magnitude
THE FLOWING WELL CACHE … http://coord.info/GC6A3D
This cache is over 10 years old and worth the hike. This earthcache was developed to add to your caching experience, since round-trip is 4-5 miles. You will be in State Game Lands, so be sure to wear orange during hunting season.
Sandra / geoawareCA EarthCache Reviewer
Oddity Undulating Rock https://coord.info/GC8KR7F /
PERMISSION
On trails that allow caching
UNDULATING ROCK
Variation in wind and water erosion / 6″ deep / NW / Appears there was something dripping water over this spot, perhaps a tree or rock overhang. It is no longer there.
Oddity Unconformity https://coord.info/GC7P35T /
PERMISSION – ALLEGHENY NATIONAL FOREST
Rich Hatfield – District Ranger – Forest Service – Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger District
p: 814-363-6098 – rhatfield@fs.fed.us – 29 Forest Service Drive – Bradford, PA 16701 … permission granted to waive “We ask that all caches be removed after one year regardless of site activity and moved to a new location or removed from the National Forest.”
POLICY … https://www.fs.usda.gov/activity/allegheny/recreation/otheractivities/?recid=6083&actid=103 … “Geo-caching is a permissible dispersed recreation activity on most areas of the Allegheny National Forest.”
ANSWERS page 119-122
OPTIONAL Few boulders on left vs boulder field on right. Answers vary as to reason. Perhaps due to the amount of tree cover, there is less erosion so fewer rocks are exposed.
The amount of boulders atop and at base / The width of the vertical joints with stairs between the joints at Overlook 2 – left
PERMISSION … Reviewer note 05/04/2018
ANSWERS … Reviewer note 05/23/2018
1. Overlook 2 right … NOTE – The overlooks extend at least 20′ hence the left and right sides
2. At this location, approximately 130′ of sandstone and quartz pebble conglomerate of the Pottsville Formation was deposited on the conglomeratic quartz sandstones of the Knapp Formation. a. 100′ / b. 30′ / c. 12′
… The unconformity can best be viewed at Overlook 2 to the right. The first two layers are Pottsville Formation. The bottom layer is Knapp
Opening Buried Treasure https://coord.info/GC1EN1N /
BURIED TREASURE (Quarry)
Collins Pine … 814-837-6941 … Mike Hancharick … mhancharick@collins.co.com
95 Hardwood Dr. … Kane 16735
Seneca Resources …Craig Bowley … 814-837-6275 … bowleyc@verizon.net
Lafayette Township Sewer Authority … 7534 Route 59 … Lewis Run 16738 … 814-368-5030
Opening Minister Creek https://coord.info/GC8FFEK /
It appears I need to clarify why FTF honor went to my caching partner. At first, I asked him to log only a found as soon as cache was published simply to avoid a negative log as the first post. LN travelled/hiked with me to all the Earthcache Trail sites, the reason a Thank You is listed on each cache page. A plethora of abusive statements and untrue accusations were made via email/messages/posts, and it was made abundantly clear the caches and FTF were of value only to add numbers. Spent hundreds of hours developing a quality Earthcache Trail with trackable coin. Consequently, LN was given FTF honor.
The above cacher DID NOT earn FTF. She DID NOT even visit the earthcache site because coordinates were incorrect.
PERMISSION
Caching allowed on trail
ANSWERS
1. 20′ wide 10′ deep / rock shelter or abri because opening is wider than depth
2. conglomerate outside and inside / blocks broken off along weaker joints
3. Answers vary, but may include cracks that will lead to rock separating from the walls.
Opening Pennsylvania Coal https://coord.info/GC1EGDK /
1. Mound … Answers vary
2. Culvert … arch / 1864
3. biological weathering on walls – pipe along bottom is rusted – railroad is no longer active
ROCK MYSTERY QUESTIONS
1. MESSAGE …. a. Size of opening (width) / b. How far does this opening extend? (depth) / c. Type of opening. Explain your choice
2. MESSAGE …. There are two types of rocks visible at this site. a. What is the hardness of conglomerate? Is it the inside or outside rock? Describe visible breakage. / b. What is the hardness of sandstone? Is it the inside or outside rock? Describe visible breakage. / c. Does the hardness explain how this difference occurred? What else may have been a factor for the differences observed?
3. MESSAGE …. Explain (scientific or creative) how these rocks formed an opening composed of two different rock types, especially when there are no other large rocks nearby.
ROCK MYSTERY ANSWERS
1. width 3′ / depth 2′ / Based on the size and appearance, it would be considered an abri. However, based on its formation, it would probably be considered a cavity formed by rock creep.
2. The harder conglomerate is one rock on the outside. The harder layer of sandstone underneath the conglomerate is breaking up into blocks. Harder rocks are more apt to break, while softer rocks are more malleable.
3. Answers vary … I really have no idea so would opt for a creative explanation.
Heffner Reservoir (Parking Area) N 41° 53.948 W 078° 42.761
Heffner Reservoir (Virtual Stage) N 41° 53.759 W 078° 43.029
Outstanding Rock Formations https://coord.info/GCA4XJE /
PERMISSION
On trails that allow caching
ANSWERS
ELIJAH RUN
Right 3 conglomerate rocks / Left 3 conglomerate rocks / RIGHT – rocks have larger pebbles and are darker in color. The rocks look layered with mosses and lichens covering over 50% of their surface. / LEFT – rocks have finer pebbles and are lighter in color. The rocks have a rounded undulated surface. There are no plants growing on their surface. / Left rocks are closer to the water.
JAKES ROCKS
Sandstone / Variation in wind and water erosion / 6″ deep / NW / Appears there was something dripping water over this spot, perhaps a tree or rock overhang. It is no longer there.
ELIJAH RUN / JAKES ROCKS … Different composition conglomerate vs sandstone / Location at waters edge vs inland
Places close to water generally have a different rock composition than those further inland.
Pop-Up Boulder Trail https://coord.info/GC7CGAZ /
PERMISSION
Federal – Corps of Engineers … 814-726-0661
Doug Helman – Natural Resource Manager
ANSWERS
1. Durable Shelter 7 – The opening is due to the effects of temperature, wind, and water.
2. Soil Building 4 – The plant acids are continually breaking down rock into soil.
3. Ancient Sentry 2 – The reason you can view the rock is due to erosion removing rock and soil.
4. Relax 5 – The bench was deposited on the shoreline
5. Precious Resource 10 – Water is a major erosional force that shapes the landscape. Due to its volume and speed, it has more impact than Trickle of Life.
Pop-Up Forest Road https://coord.info/GC8KK8K /
PERMISSION
On roadside – Location advised by Park Ranger
ANSWERS
1. Answers vary. Formation of a mini Rock City because area was not glaciated, the land is relatively flat, and was not landscaped. The rocks are native to this part of PA. Per the reading, rocks may creep far from their original location.
2. 0.14 miles … looks about 0.1 miles … left side is downhill and rock creep probably accounts for this difference … 12+ rocks … largest is 20′ near the beginning of the posted coordinates.
3. MESSAGE (optional) …. How many rocks over 5′ tall are there? / How tall is the largest rock, and where along the rock field is it located?
Pop-Up Hickory Creek https://coord.info/GC8KXCJ /
PERMISSION
On trail that allows caching
ANSWERS
1. Gravity
2. Rock creep – No visible boulders along the nearly a mile to this point.
3. No – edges do not match even accounting for erosion
Pop-Up Gator Rock https://coord.info/GC62N4M /
http://coord.info/GCXJDK
The Collins Companies – Kane Hardwood … 814-837-6941 … www.collinsco.com
1. Less teeth. Painting on eye and mouth more vivid. Some additional signs of erosion.
2. There are no other boulders or similar rocks around the area. There are also no signs of team activity. That leaves me to hypothesize the rock was left by the glacier.
REVIEWER – “That is an interesting shaped rock! I’m not sure if it’s naturally weathered that way? Regardless, the lesson is good.”
ANSWER There are no other boulders or similar rocks around the area. There are also no signs of team activity. That leaves me to hypothesize the rock was left by the glacier. An alternate hypothesis could also be made. The rock could be a native rock that was hewn from bedrock miles away and made its way to the present location.
Pop-Up Marilla Rocks https://coord.info/GC2ANX6 /
Marilla Rocks … Rock City / staining overhang crossbedding
Trailside … 15′ x 75′
Pop-Up Minister Creek https://coord.info/GC8M1GZ /
PERMISSION
Caching allowed on trail
ANSWERS
Rock City / fracture joints / 1/4+ mile
Pop-Up Scandia Road https://coord.info/GC6ZCXR /
N 53.524 W 03.183 – N 53.668 W 03.193
1. Answers vary. Formation of a mini Rock City because area was not glaciated, the land is relatively flat, and was not landscaped. The rocks are sedimentary (conglomerate) and are native to this part of PA. Per the reading, rocks may creep far from their original location.
2. 0.17 miles … 200′ … 10-15
Pop-Up Timberdoodle https://coord.info/GC8M1H8 /
PERMISSION
On trails that allows caching.
ANSWERS
POSTED – Rocks in the parking lot are large boulders. Per the Ranger, they are all gathered from the ANF (landscaped). Located along the perimeter of the parking lot -and- 2 rocks at each of the 3 trail entrances, … TRAIL – Small rocks scattered along the trail. Originated from bedrock. / Springtime Ponds Overflow With Life
WAYPOINT – The rocks here are landscaped memorial rocks. Although not sure of their origin, all are rock types native to this area. There are 10 rocks distributed along the trail from beginning to end. Nine are conglomerate and one (Virginia) is sandstone).
Reflections https://coord.info/GC1RAKJ /
Rock Mystery https://coord.info/GC62MM0 /
ANSWERS
1. Gravity / Wind / Volcanoes / Water / Glaciers / Man
2. The pink rock is sandstone as shown on the map.
3. Single band vs Multiple bands.
Geologic Age: Mississippian and Devonian … 416 – 318 mya
It does look like a sandstone with the bands of secondary mineralization (lead or zinc or other metallic minerals).
SEE http://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/sgmc-unit.php?unit=PAMDso%3B8 for Geologic Age.
LEN https://coord.info/GLXBRE2X … Deleted
EARTHCACHES … Decision to keep is based on five criteria … Aha moments / Log quality / Thoughtful answers / Number of visits / Number of favorite points.
DISCOVERIES … Have curbed developing earthcaches due to the limitations imposed by HQ. I put in an average of 20+ hours for each earthcache submitted (finding/visiting/researching/writing/etc). This work is done on a volunteer basis. So why volunteer when the joy of discovery and creativity is replaced with limitations and disillusionment?! Time between submission and publication is less than a week. Mine are weeks/months. Have an on-going inner battle between love of developing and frustration over the hiding restriction.
Rock Sculpture Alien Encounter https://coord.info/GC8RCHM /
PERMISSION
Roadside
ANSWERS
Mechanical due to exposure to wind/water, pressure due to tree roots. – Chemical due to plants growing on rock / Face is more rounded – Moss covers most of the rock
Rock Sculpture Elephant https://coord.info/GC1PT2W /
Elephant – Mechanical due to shape and Chemical-Biological due to plants growing in cracks / Plants cover most of the body including the trunk. Beside moss, there are also ferns growing in the cracks.
This cache was developed in honor of my daughter, Dawn. She was nicknamed our little Pebble Pup, because she would always pick up unique rocks as we walked through the woods.
Rock Sculpture Fish https://coord.info/GC8M1HE /
PERMISSION
On trail that allows caching.
ANSWERS
Mechanical due to shape and Chemical-Biological due to plants growing in cracks / Moss covers most of the body
Rock Sculpture Jakes Rocks https://coord.info/GC7P35Z /
PERMISSION – ALLEGHENY NATIONAL FOREST
Rich Hatfield – District Ranger – Forest Service – Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger District
p: 814-363-6098 – rhatfield@fs.fed.us – 29 Forest Service Drive – Bradford, PA 16701 … permission granted to waive “We ask that all caches be removed after one year regardless of site activity and moved to a new location or removed from the National Forest.”
POLICY … https://www.fs.usda.gov/activity/allegheny/recreation/otheractivities/?recid=6083&actid=103 … “Geo-caching is a permissible dispersed recreation activity on most areas of the Allegheny National Forest.”
ANSWERS
1. All show pressure and temperature. A and I also show effects of gravity because of the toppled arrangement. … 2. The most obvious example of chemical weathering is the moss growing on all the rocks to get the needed materials for survival.
2. C H B E F D A G
3. Mechanical due to exposure to wind/water. – Chemical due to plants growing on rock. / Appears there is more moss on one end. / There is a wavy line and circle indicating differential erosion.
Rock Sculpture Rock Family https://coord.info/GC8RCEY /
PERMISSION
On roadside – Location advised by Park Ranger
ANSWERS
1. Both mechanical (wind/water) and chemical (plant growth)
2. Answers vary
3. Differential weathering – The base appears to be more resistant to weathering as it is solid and appears to be a different type of rock, whereas the “family” show lots of crevices, pits, etc.
Rock Sculpture Whale https://coord.info/GC8FCH3 /
PERMISSION
On trail that allows caching.
ANSWERS
Mechanical due to shape and Chemical-Biological due to plants growing in cracks / Beak is more rounded and moss covers most of the body
Tree-Rock Companions https://coord.info/GCA4YGA /
PERMISSION – None needed
Westline is roadside. / Corydon is in the ANF where caching is allowed.
ANSWERS – WESTLINE (Pic 2)
Rock 1 – 3 trees / moss lichens ferns / 60% greatest impact
Rock 2 – 2 trees / lichens moss / 40%
Rock 3 – 2 trees / lichens moss / 40%
Rock 4 – 1 tree / lichens / 30%
ANSWERS – CORYDON (Pic 5)
There is one tree trunk, but it is raised above the rock. There are tree roots surrounding the rock. / There are no other examples of Biological Weathering.
There is one large tree and it encloses the rock, which is barely visible. / The tree would have to have some soil atop the rock to begin growth. It sent out roots, which grew ever larger eventually raising the tree trunk above the rock and obscuring the rock.
Both answers are acceptable – Increase due to the acids produced by the tree / Decrease due to rock protected from the agents of weathering
Tree-Rock Hearts Content https://coord.info/GC8M1GW /
PERMISSION
On trail that allows caching.
ANSWERS
Debating whether to make this a pop-up, but this is a nice example of biological weathering on a wonderful trail.
2 boulders 1 with trees / 6 small trees / moss lichens ferns cover the top and 40% of the sides
Tree-Rock Jakes Rocks https://coord.info/GC8MNWD /
PERMISSION
On trail that allows caching
ANSWERS
Unusual and impressive.
1. One large tree with large root growing through the rock and reaching the trail / The rock will eventually split
2. Mechanical due to root wedging. Chemical due to plant acids also acting on the rock.
Tree-Rock Marilla Rocks https://coord.info/GC8KRX8 /
PERMISSION
On trail that allows caching
ANSWERS
An awesome example.
One large and 12 small / 2 types lichen – 2 types moss – ferns / 90%
Tree-Rock Minister Creek https://coord.info/GC8MNWE /
PERMISSION
Caching allowed on trail
ANSWERS
The largest and most impressive example we have encountered.
12′ / 2 large trees in the middle / roots cover most of the rock (30′) / moss lichen ferns / 90%
Tree-Rock Westline https://coord.info/GC8MN2D /
PERMISSION
Roadside
ANSWERS
Outstanding example -and- Handicap accessible.
Rock 1 – 3 trees / moss lichens ferns / 60% greatest impact
Rock 2 – 2 trees / lichens moss / 40%
Rock 3 – 2 trees / lichens moss / 40%
Rock 4 – 1 tree / lichens / 30%
Tree-Rock Tentacles https://coord.info/GC93W0R /
TENTACLES
Rock Tree Sculpture 13
PERMISSION
Roadside – No permission needed
ANSWERS
1. There is one tree trunk, but it is raised above the rock. There are tree roots surrounding the rock.
2. There are no other examples of Biological Weathering.
3. There is one large tree and it encloses the rock, which is barely visible.
4. The tree would have to have some soil atop the rock to begin growth. It sent out roots, which grew ever larger eventually raising the tree trunk above the rock and obscuring the rock.
5. Both answers are acceptable … Increase due to the acids produced by the tree / Decrease due to rock protected from the agents of weathering
Water Allegheny Riverbank https://coord.info/G C3T8GE /
Water Bradford and The Tuna https://coord.info/GC5D0BJ /
1. Name of the creek? Tuna / Tunungwant
2. Part of what watershed? Allegheny River
3. Direction water is flowing? NE
4. Estimate width of creek? 30′
5. Estimate the height of retaining wall. 15′
6. Protect the populated area of Bradford. Development downtown caused land surface changes and influenced flood conditions. So to protect property damage and public health, the retaining wall was installed.
7. Dec 1st 2010
Water Buzzard Swamp https://coord.info/GC3R5EB /
FIRST POND 1638′ 41° 26’57.96” W 079° 04’24.56” LAST POND 1717′ 41° 27’58.92” W 079° 02’46.44” …. Difference at Buzzard Swamp is porosity of soil and wooded vs meadow
Water Springtime in McKean https://coord.info/GC1PTGC
Kennedy and Taintor
Kennedy Springs … 1.5″ / 3′ before it enters the hill then distance unknown / spring water