18 Mile Creek Boulders and Deposits https://coord.info/GC1H669 

Allegheny Front https://coord.info/GC1HFWV / 
State Forest … Robert Merrill … 814-765-0821

Allenburg Bog https://coord.info/GC6DYJX / 
Rick LeFeber … 716-257-3237 / 716-560-6815 … cldc@netsync.net
DAN … 716-938-2324 … dtmartonis@cattco.org
Terry Wills – Admin Supervisor NW Regional Office – PA State Gamelands
814-432-3187 … Permit needed for group of 10+
PERMISSION
Buffalo Audubon Society, Beaver Meadow Audubon Center, 1610 Welch Rd., N.Java, NY (585) 457-3228 … smith@buffaloaudubon.org … Loren Smith permission 6/15/16
ANSWERS
1. Higher elevation and cooler temperature
2. Kame/Kettle
3a. less water and shallower 3b. 3′-4′ per year

Beach Walk https://coord.info/GC7DDWV /
BENNETT BEACH
imported via lake currents -tan with tiny white shell fragments – 96 – coarse textured silica grains – dune 12′ high and 40′ long without vegetation
WENDT BEACH
weathering of local rocks – black with tiny white shell fragments – 98 – coarse textured smaller grain size – scattered shale pieces
MY CHOICE – Bennett Beach if I want to climb the dune. Wendt Beach if I want to hunt for fossils.

Barbour Rock https://coord.info/GC8XZJP /
BARBOUR ROCK … file:///C:/Users/rainb/Downloads/TG16-028_GeoFeat_BarbourRx_TiogaCo.pdf
Tioga District Office / One Nessmuk Lane / Wellsboro, PA 16901 / 570-724-2868
Office hours: Monday – Friday, 8:00 A.M. – 4:00 P.M. / tholiver@pa.gov
PERMISSION
tholiver@pa.gov / Tom Oliver Recreation Forester
The Tioga State Forest District Forester approves of your geocache.
ANSWERS
1. Sandstone outcrops viewed from top with no cross-bedding. Right side is more massive than the left with minimal cross-beds visible due to cliffside erosion and position of viewing.
2. Cross-bedding evident on the mid sections not obscured by foliage. / planar / Direction appears northeasterly

Biological Weathering https://coord.info/GC1JMFF / 
SCIENCE – The ferns and conifer roots show vascular plants at work weathering this rock. ART – The mosses and lichens cover the rock in a variety of shades and textures.

Boulderdash https://coord.info/GC6A083 / 
How far did it fall 50′ … How big 20′ x 10′ x 15′ … How far from road 25′
Type – sandstone
1. Glaciers / Gravity / Humans / Wind
2. Gravity – This boulder is the same sandstone shown in the Reviewer pic.
County Geologic Map for Wayne County, cache points RG5 – RG6 are located in the Pennsylvanian Conemaugh Formation (295-310 million years old).
GEOLOGIC UNITS – http://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/fips-unit.php?code=f54099

BSH Memorials and Monuments https://coord.info/GC6A07Z /
HALL OF FAME
ANSWERS
1. Intrusive within the earth -and- Extrusive surface of the earth
2. John Frederic Hartranft – red granite – feldspar crystals in excess of one inch in length
Red granite with a very coarse texture.
2. Boies Penrose – light gray granite – light pink feldspar small crystals
Light-gray granite with a medium texture
Red granite located deeper within the earth.
NEW EARTHCACHE … GC922M7

BSHC Mica Schist https://coord.info/GC6CHAB /
ST, LAWRENCE CATHOLIC CHURCH
page 46 – visit 23
ANSWERS
1. Large crystals of muscovite
2. COLOR light to dark tans – TEXTURE coarse
NEW EARTHCACHE … GC922MJ

BSHC Marble https://coord.info/GC64DJK /
UNITED METHODIST CHURCH
ANSWERS
1. extremely pure
2. COLOR white to light gray – TEXTURE medium
NEW EARTHCACHE … GC922MD

Castle Rock https://coord.info/GC3K4V8 / 

Coal Mine Disasters https://coord.info/GC4N1N0 / 
1. gas pocket
2. Drift mine – A coal mine entered directly through a horizontal opening drilled into the side of a hill or mountain. Haulageway – Any underground entry or passageway that is designed for transport of mined material, personnel, or equipment, usually by the installation of track or belt conveyor
3. 4000′ 4. Height 3′ Coal Seam 2′ ….
OPTIONAL Burn Patterns – Probably due to campfires as evidenced by the debris within the mine.
Pax Surface Mine – Scarbro WV

Disappearing Lake? https://coord.info/GC5D047 / 
1a. POSTED COORDS – Left 10% open water
1b. POSTED COORDS – Right 30% open water
2. 95%
3. Impoundment
4a. Yes – Mostly vegetation. Very little open water.
4b. No. Mostly open water. Very little vegetation.
4c. No. The lake is being managed. The water level is drawn down in the spring to protect vegetative cover at the south end of the lake.
FISHING ACCESS COORDS 80% open water
Go to the following coords: N 41° 03.019 W 079° 52.841. Estimate the percent of open water.

Dots and Stripes https://coord.info/GC3WA60 / 
ROCK 1 – PHENOCRYSTS – white / rectangular / L2″W1/4″ …. ROCK 2 – XENOLITHS – black / round / 1/4″ diameter …. riprap for erosion control

Embedded Oddities https://coord.info/GC8V44F / 
Needs Archived posted Oct 2020
PERMISSION – Roadside so none needed
ANSWERS
1. Believe these are elongate concretions embedded in limestone. / Some do extend down the sides. / Largest is about 2″ x 4″
2. Answers vary. Most of the types of inclusions/oddities can be observed in one or more boulders.

Embedded Oddities https://coord.info/GC6QD3Y / 
AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURAL CENTER – Della Moore – aaccdofolean@gmail.com
Mrs. Della Moore at (215) 704-6608 … Nov 28th … Yes, you have my permission to share the earthcache as long as searchers are respectful.
ANSWERS … 1′ diameter conglomerate embedded
1a. Around the right corner b. 40% c. Answers vary
3. 1-concretion / 2-Water Sculpture / 345-Staining / 678-Fossils / 9-Organics
NOTE: 6 looks like a bleb -and- 9 looks like xenocrysts
Harwood Lake Rock Corridor FIRST ROAD GC6J1D2

Glacial Effects https://coord.info/GC6TVD0 /
1. Linlyco Lake to the south and west across a low divide … Deep gorge vs shallower path probably due to most of the meltwater collected in Linlyco Lake.
2. NORTH flows into Catt Creek, then through Lake Erie, the Niagara River, Lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence River, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and enters into the Atlantic Ocean between Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, Canada. ST LAWRENCE … SOUTH flows into Little Valley Creek, then through the Allegheny River, the Ohio River, the Mississippi River, the Gulf of Mexico, and enters into the Atlantic Ocean south of Florida. EASTERN
3. Kettle … 300′ diameter
4. flat/straight/manmade railroad … uphill/uneven/meltwater channel
5. The ridge built up as sediment washed out of the melting ice. Glacial ice never covered Little Valley south of this point.
6, Narrow V-shaped typical of unglaciated terrain … U-shaped Little Valley and the tributaries north of the terminal moraine used to be V-shaped before they were scooped out by the glacier.

Glacial Movement https://coord.info/GC6TP3E / 
DRIVE
Linlyco Lake – Dobbins Memorial State Forest – Rock City State Forest
PERMISSION
None needed
ANSWERS … 1. Wisconsin Glaciation (or Kent) / Pleistocene
2. The valleys change with noticeable differences between the glaciated (U) and unglaciated (V) areas.

Gravity Hill https://coord.info/GC1G4MW / 
1. FIRST a. up b. Top 1647′ c. Slow d. Bottom 1643′ e. Difference 4′ …. 2. SECOND a. up b. Top 1579′ c. Fast d. Bottom 1571′ e. Difference 8′ …. 3. 20′ .. 4. a. 1640 b. 1640 c. 1580 d. 1580 .. 5. layout
NEW YORK http://www.nysga-online.net/
Marlin Jeffers … 716-372-8193

Jamestown Audubon Center Ponds https://coord.info/GC5AABG / 
1. Moving/replacing 2.5″ boards / stop logs inside the box.
2a. Reduction in light penetration and dissolved oxygen levels.
2b. Yes. Clogging of the control boxes.

Little Rock City https://coord.info/GC6KJQY / 
Rock City https://coord.info/GC14G5J
Geology Geology http://www.dec.ny.gov/lands/77184.html
1. Weathering widened the pathways separating the blocks resulting in rocks arranged like carefully planned city streets.
2. Posted coords. Identify this area on the rock city map. The Courtyard
3. Travel the pathway in front of the tree. …
a. Name the six features found along this corridor.
b. Select four features and identify the process that formed them. 3. A … C … D … F … G … I wave action …

Massive Pop Rock https://coord.info/GC70MDB / 
ANSWERS
1. This area was not glaciated, is fairly flat, has not been landscaped, is one massive rock, is igneous granite, Conclusion is that this rock is a pluton.
2. one rock 50′ high and 260′ wide

McConnell Springs Blue Hole to Final Sink https://coord.info/GC642WQ / 
3/30-3/31/2017 Interesting Log
Steven Rogers, Park Manager …. srogers@lexingtonky.gov
Springs at 859-225-4073 -or- Parks 859-288-2900
Executive Director Potomac Valley Audubon Society • Kristin Alexander
304-676-3397 • Kristin@potomacaudubon.org
Steven Rogers, Park Manager …. srogers@lexingtonky.gov
http://www.mcconnellsprings.org/images/Interpretive_Notebook01-Overview.pdf
The Boils at McConnell Springs http://coord.info/GC36Q6J
1. 0.2 miles …. 3 times
2. Differences – color of water / size of spring / depth of water

McCready Shale https://coord.info/GC700MY / 
100 square feet … red and gray … 50% each … 4 hills
salt and gypsum deposits
Highway 915 across from fault

Mermaid’s Table https://coord.info/GC1HKWX / 
HALL OF FAME
2. Most of the shale you see is in horizontal layers. Explain what you think caused the circular formation of Mermaid’s Table. This explanation can be scientific or creative. …. It’s a combination of shoreline current meeting the stream discharge and wind current forming a Spit.
BEACH WALK … Wendt Beach / Hamburg Town Beach / Bennett Beach
http://www2.erie.gov/parks/index.php?q=bennett-beach
Revise #1 – Is Mermaid’s Table visible at the time of your visit? If so, what is the diameter.ANSWER … about a foot in diameter
Replace #2 – Describe the shale.ANSWER … black / thin layers that break easily / smells earthy when moistened
Keep #3 – Most of the shale you see is in horizontal layers. Explain (scientific or creative) what you think caused the circular formation of Mermaid’s Table.ANSWER … It’s a combination of shoreline current meeting the stream discharge and wind current forming a Spit.

North Rock https://coord.info/GC5WBVK /
1. As the sea levels have risen over time, the reef has gone below the waters.
2. SIZE … 18 x 18 x 5 … COLOR … black/tan … TEXTURE … smooth/pitted
3. SIGN …. foam / reef / ignore / Ellie
4. 300 … Rim Reef
bfrueger … Beacon rock is a group of rocks. It is a tan to reddish brown limestone. The height of the rock is about 4-5 feet high and has a diameter of about 12 feet. The texture varies depending on where you look at it. Some has fossils in it and some are composed of sand size grains of calcite.
REEFS https://www.bermuda-attractions.com/bermuda_00005a.htm

Panama Rocks Formations https://coord.info/GC6QJ26 / 
WAYMARK N 42° 04.398 W 079° 29.233 … EC https://coord.info/GC15QKG
Jonathan Weston … jgweston@gmail.com … 716-782-2845
Panama Rocks http://coord.info/GC15QKG … panamajoe@panamarocks.com
Contact: 11 Rock Hill Road | Panama, NY 14767 | 716-782-2845
1. a. ocean-quartz conglomerate b. 400 to 350 mya, during the Devonian period c. Most of the glacier was stopped just north of Panama Rocks d. smaller ice flows
2. Answers vary

Penn Grade Crude Oil https://coord.info/GC2BCBY / 
Derrick vs Rotary??? Ok, as far as I know, the drilling structure used in modern rotary drilling is still called a “derrick”, but is a temporary structure (steel) that is moved to the next well. The old derricks were wood, and usually abandoned after drilling. In the days of Cline #1, drilling was percussive, as in pile driving. The rotary drill put a rotating bit on the end of the drill string to grind away at the hardest rock layers, and permitted deeper drilling. Shooting a well was detonating a charge of explosive at the base of the well to fracture the rock and allow oil to flow into the well. But the fractures in the rock could close, and reduce the flow of oil. With hydro-fracking, the rock layers are broken open by high pressure fluids, including nasty, poison chemicals that can contaminate the drinking water. After fracking, a sand slurry is pumped into the rock to hold the fractures open, and keep oil/gas flowing into the well.
(From Internet)

Penn Grade Crude Oil https://coord.info/GC2BCBY / Anticlines and Synclines
McKean County is part of a dissected plateau consisting of rolling hills ranging from 2,000 to 2,400 feet above sea level, and valleys ranging 500 to 700 feet below the upland level. The folds are gentle and asymetrical. The structure in this county is believed to be part of a domed area extending from Potter County to Cameron County. All of the rocks are sedimentary (shale / sandstone / conglomerate / limestone / coal), with an aggregate thickness of about 1,300 feet. The youngest rocks belong to the Allegheny formation of Pennsylvanian age. The oldest rocks belong to the Chemung formation of Devonian age.
ANTICLINES IN McKEAN COUNTY
An ANTICLINE is a type of fold that has an arch-like shape with its oldest layers at its core.
Anticlines in McKean County from southeast to northwest are as follows:
Harrison anticline … Hebron anticline … Smethport anticline … Simpson anticline … Bradford anticline
SYNCLINES IN McKEAN COUNTY
A SYNCLINE is a type of fold that has an arch-like shape with its youngest layers at its core.
Synclines in McKean County from southeast to northwest are as follows:
Norwich syncline (3rd Bituminous basin) … Clermont syncline (4th Bituminous basin) … Ormsby syncline … Big Shanty syncline
RESOURCES
Topographic and Geologic Survey – George H. Ashley, State Geologist – Bulletin 111 – May 1934
http://bridgehunter.com/maps/detail/pa/mckean/county-big-map.png
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/FACULTY/POPP/Sept30_Ch_10.pdf
A. Music Mountain …. B. Kendall …. C. Wildcatter …. D. 14 …. E. Go-Devil …. F. Jack …. G. Oil Thief …. H. Yellow Dog …. I. Buffalo …. J. Jordon R. Roeder
J. What is the name of the high school student that made the map case? (full name)

Pond Succession https://coord.info/GC1RJ01 / 
NYSDEC … Emilio Rende … 716-372-0645
https://www.dec.ny.gov/outdoor/112516.html
Contact Information:
DEC Region 9 Allegany Office (M-F, 8:00AM – 4:00PM), (716) 372-0645; region9@dec.ny.gov
Enforcement Matters: (518) 408-5850 (24/7)
Location: Town of Allegany, Cattaraugus County

Quartz – Earth to Gem https://coord.info/GC7RDVN /
PERMISSION
Joel (manager) 800-291-4484 … He also reviewed the content and answers.
Ron Coleman Mining … Located 14 miles North of Hot Springs
ANSWERS
1. Quachita / sandstone
2. draws body heat / butterfly wings caused by fractures -and- amethyst purple quartz caused by impurities
3. 250′ deep 1/4 mile wide / power tools – all work is done by hand / 576,000 gallons a day
4. turtles that crawl under the tanks / oxalic acid – end products are water and spinach – environmentally friendly
5. sorted by size, number of points, clarity
ARCHIVED LOG https://coord.info/GLWH0FZC
This geocacher is off base. Perhaps it is different in your country. Entrance fees are acceptable … Examples include admission fees to National Parks, caves, mines, etc. Permission was given for this earthcache and it passed review. It would have been considerate to contact me rather than contacting a reviewer to archive it.

River of Promise https://coord.info/GC6Z9XG /
STOP 3 … VIRGINIA IRON FURNACE … N 39° 31.726 W 079° 37.990 / N 39° 31.715 W 079° 37.999 … https://coord.info/GCKRT4 … 25 blocks high – rope handrail for steps
1. Left side is clear / goal is clear water … Right side is orange / goal is to restore to clear water
2. Inside stones are pitted due to intense heat. Ferns are growing in the cracks due to moisture on the stones within the furnace. … Color of rocks are brown on the banks and red in the center. The red is due to acid mine drainage polluting the water that runs over the rocks.
3. It is clear water unlike the orange water observed at site 2. … Answers vary

River of Rock https://coord.info/GC700KP / 
OVERLOOK … N 33° 30.597 W 085° 45.599 … vertical and curved rocks
Forrest Bailey, Natural Resources Section Chief / Alabama State Parks Division
Montgomery, AL 1-800-ALA-PARK (252-7275)
Talladega National Forest / Shoal Creek Ranger District – (Encourages geocaching, ask permission first)
Karen McKenzie, District Ranger / 256-463-2272
Mandy – Cheaha State Park Naturalist – 256-488-5115-ext 2814
AL http://trekbirmingham.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/MRP-Boulder-Field-Map.pdf
See The Boulderfields … https://coord.info/GC14NNW
AL https://billdargue.jimdo.com/glossary-brief-histories/the-geology-of-birmingham/
PA http://boulderfieldpa.weebly.com/formation-of-boulder-field.html
PERMISSION
1. None needed as it is along the side of a road.
2. Generally, geocaching is permitted within the national forests in Alabama without a permit.
ANSWERS
N 33° 27.994 W 085° 49.000 / N 33° 27.748 W 085° 49.071
x. 100′ on both sides / 0.3 miles / Beginning 994/000 … End 748/071 … River 200′ down the hill
1. Both the boulder field and the “river” are composed of predominantly boulders with some cobbles mixed in. The “river” extends farther down the bank than the boulder field.
2. Colluvium. The boulders are large chunks of very resistant rock that originally were high on the ridge to the east that have rolled down the hill and gathered at (nor near) the bottom.
3. Maybe 50+ years.
3. MESSAGE 🙂 or EMAIL …. Trees vary in their growth rate depending on the species. If the trees interspersed within the boulders only grow a foot a year, estimate how long ago the boulders broke off the ridge and rolled down the hill.

Rock Sentinels https://coord.info/GC1FKJV / 
HALL OF FAME … newfane1
Enjoy the pages of CHARLIE CHESTNUT’S SCRAPBOOK as you complete your learning adventure. (http://www.charliechestnut.org/index.html) … Relate one thing you learned from each of the five categories and explain why it is important to you. Anatomy / Environments / Ecosystem Benefits / Conservation / Culture / Careers (http://www.charliechestnut.org/Phase1/KnowledgeMap.html)

Rock Sculpture https://coord.info/GC1DJTB / 
ANSWERS
Mechanical weathering is shaping the rock. Roadside is exposed to traffic increasing both mechanical and chemical weathering. The larger the tafoni, the more surface area is exposed to weathering.
Roadside Geology: Honeycombing in Rew … https://coord.info/GC8RM61
At the GZ, look for some examples of honeycomb weathering in the rock. Estimate the size of the eroded portions in the rock (they should look like little divots).
Examine the texture of the boulder. Is it smooth, rough, etc. Are there any jagged parts of the rock? What does this tell you about weathering?
ADOPTION … https://www.geocaching.com/adopt/
Starsabove23

Rocks of Tennessee https://coord.info/GC700MR / 
1Granite 2Bauxite 3Vein Quartz 4Sandstone 5Sandstone 6Breccia 7Limestone 8Sandstone
9Siltstone 10Sandstone 11Dolomite 12Oil Shale 13Gneiss 14Sandstone 15Conglomerate-Sand
16Granitic-Gneiss 17Unakite Granite 18Sandstone 19Mudstone 20Limestone 21Dolostone
22Limestone 23Quartzite … Igneous 1 3 17 / Metamorphic 13 16 23
Neoproterozoic/Neogene 1 2 3 13 16 17 22 – Cambrian 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 15 18 19 23 – Cambro-Ordovician 7 21 – Ordovician 20 – Silurian 14 – Mississippian 12 … PaleoCam / CenMio

Round and Tall https://coord.info/GC9GDM9 /
PERMISSION Hunter Mass / Science Museum of Virginia / 804-864-1400
ANSWERS
1. Developed a crack so no longer moved.
2. Visible grains indicate formation within the Earth.
3. A bit rough / weathering is evident only where the column meets the base
4. There appears to be some minute fossil remains evident in the columns.
5. Earth is black with gray receiver / Moon is tan with black receiver
PART 3 – THE MOON
MESSAGE … Explore the grounds. Nearby there is a smaller ball representing the moon. The kugal moon is about 250′ away, weighs 1000 pounds, and is a couple feet in diameter. Interesting to note the differences in color of both sphere and receiver. The Earth is _____ with a _____ receiver. The Moon is _____ with a _____ receiver.
2. LOG … Travel to the moon. Take a picture of either you or your signature item here.
GRAND KUGEL The world’s largest kugel ball, this massive sphere was carved from South African black granite. Address: 2500 W Broad St, Richmond, VA 23220 Phone: (804) 864-1400 Grand Kugel N 37 33.648 W 77 27.966 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHRLmzjjM-w

Sandy Springs https://coord.info/GC7DCQP / 
No permission needed. It is at a country road rest area.
1. Yes. It is a mini-dune built and changing by the action of wind.
2. Yellow and gritty. Medium drainage with large particles.
3. Prickly-Pear Cactus

Scollard Run Gorge and Springfield Furnace https://coord.info/GC593FY / 
1. Direction is NW. Most flow south. … 2. 40′ water wheel …. 3. Tumble wear. Boulder has rounded edges due to transport by the glacier. …. The raw materials for this furnace are iron ore, limestone for flux, clay for the brick crucible, and sandstone for the structure. Also wood was used for the fuel. The iron ore, clay, limestone, and sandstone are all the result of sedimentation from previous seas. The gorge itself may have been originally cut by a glacier.

Seneca Rocks https://coord.info/GC2ENB0 / 
1. Color / Cracks / Trees
2. Tuscarora Quartzite deposited in layers over time, composition of sand and silt making up the layer depends on water currents and materials carried to the area at the time. As the layer formed, different conditions were present as well as different conditions as the sandstone was compressed and changed into quartzite.
3. 1561′ at coordinates + 900′ = 2461′ at top. / 15 people have died.

Shale Mystery https://coord.info/GC70MBP /
WATERFALL – The layers are thin and even extending from top to near bottom. Bottom appears to be more resistant rock, probably sandstone. Flow is 4th magnitude
OUTCROP – The layers are uneven and contain traces of iron. Differences are shape of the layers and colors within the bank. Difference is due to water/wind erosion. .. water flow evenly eroding the shale underneath the waterfall vs wind unevenly eroding the shale bank.
CREEK – The waterfall side had a pool about 8′ wide and about a foot deep. Across the road the water seemed to disappear within the creek. Water was only about 4′ wide and a few inches deep. The sides were lined with boulders (riprap). There was no difference in the shale. I will have to go with a creative explanation… There is a troll beneath the road that continuously quenches his thirst thus reducing the amount of water from one side to the other.
bds … The depth of the water on the surface of the waterfall is very shallow, but it is moving fast making it look like a lot of water coming down. On the other side the water is a significantly deeper causing it to move much slower.

Sky Rock https://coord.info/GC59KJN /
1. Coarse sandstone, Green/Black Lichens, Moss, Crevices, Benchmarks, Grafiti …. 2. TOP N 39° 35.872 W 079° 57.550 (1430′ – 1412′ = 18 + 5′ = 23″) …. 3. Monongahela River / Appalachian Mountains / Several smaller rocks all within the footprint of Sky Rock / Evergreen tree … melissa burch …. mburch@bopark.org 304-296-8356

Slip Sliding Away https://coord.info/GC700M1 / 
1. Murphy Road … Slide Area … Going NE … Left
2. Left is terraced, rocks exposed, steeper, closer to the road … Right is a gentler bank covered with vegetation

Split Rock https://coord.info/GC6KTCJ / 
PORTVILLE LIBRARY … Mr. Bretzin … portlibr@roadrunner.com
SPLIT ROCK – left and right side of the wall.
ANSWERS
1a. yes – they match … b.yes – the banding appears as nested rings. … c. chert
“Split Rock looks like a sandstone with Liesegang rings” from geologist
2. Answers vary, but there are nearly half the rocks. Staining is mostly random, not patterned like the two banded rocks.
??? Hypothesize (scientific or creative) how the banding formed within this (these) rock(s).
… Journey of Mind/Heart was a way to ensure each cacher read the cache page and visited the site. If answers were sent or a pic was taken, then the Mind/Heart was an ALR honoring the time and effort finding and creating the earthcache. Otherwise, I did not consider it an ALR, simply a verification of the visit.

Stratigraphic Units https://coord.info/GC6A07H /
Tan / Dk Gray / Lt Gray … Distinct bands
1. Rocks are deposited in layers with the youngest on top.
2. Yes and no. Yes – they were deposited in horizontal layers. No – each layer is not distinctly different from the one above and below it.
County Geologic Map for Wayne County, cache points RG1 – RG4 are located in the Pennsylvanian Kanawha Formation (312-320 million years old)
ANSWERS
1. sandstone and coal
2. along the bottom at the back about a half inch thick
3. Both have black coloration and cracks are blast fractures resulting from road construction.
3. Bat rock is a smaller rock and has a coal seam. / Sandstone is a cliff and has vertical bands.

Weathering of Metals https://coord.info/GC8FCE3 /
PERMISSION
Hi Elaine,
That sounds very interesting and you are more than welcome to come and do your caching. The donation for adults is $5 per person. (July 6th)
Nila Griffis Lampman – Executive Director – The Ashford Hollow Foundation – Griffis Sculpture Park | Essex Arts Center – 716.667.2808
ANSWERS
1. PYRAMID copper with greenish tarnish called patina and crack due to frost wedging / INSECT iron with rust
2. Answers vary.
3. wood / stone / concrete
4. Copper sculpture on lawn. Same color. The tarnish is the same color as part of the ore.
“Luster, Metallic if fresh, iridescent tarnish.” Wikipedia

Zoar Valley https://coord.info/GC6A06Y
No permission needed. Zoar Valley is a Multiple Use Area.
ANSWERS
1. Glacial melt flowed along the path of least resistance creating Zoar Valley.
2. Uneven high sandy colored cliffs composed of shale.
3. Clear lines indicating the interstadial periods are not evident.
Elaine:
It sounds like a good, educational activity. Permission granted for earthcache on Overlook Trail, Zoar Valley Multiple Use Area.
David Paradowski Regional Forester NYS DEC – 182 E. Union Suite 3 – Allegany, NY 14706
716-379-6364